Ngokuvamile, i-solar cell module yakhiwe izingqimba ezinhlanu ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, okuhlanganisa ingilazi ye-photovoltaic, ifilimu yokunamathisela yokupakisha, i-cell chip, ifilimu yokunamathisela yokupakisha, kanye ne-backplane:
(1) Ingilazi ye-Photovoltaic
Ngenxa yamandla ampofu emishini yeseli elilodwa le-solar photovoltaic, kulula ukuphuka;Umswakama kanye negesi ebolayo emoyeni izokhipha i-oxidize futhi igxume i-electrode, futhi ayikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zomsebenzi wangaphandle;Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-voltage yokusebenza yamaseli e-photovoltaic eyodwa ngokuvamile incane, okunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemishini kagesi evamile.Ngakho-ke, amangqamuzana elanga avame ukuvalwa phakathi kwephaneli yokupakisha kanye ne-backplane ngefilimu ye-EVA ukuze enze imodyuli ye-photovoltaic engabonakali ngokupakisha nokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi okungahlinzeka ngokukhishwa kwe-DC ngokuzimela.Amamojula amaningana e-photovoltaic, ama-inverters nezinye izesekeli zikagesi akha uhlelo lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic.
Ngemuva kokuthi ingilazi ye-photovoltaic emboza imodyuli ye-photovoltaic iboshwe, ingaqinisekisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuphezulu, ukuze iseli lelanga likwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi owengeziwe;Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingilazi ye-photovoltaic eqinile inamandla aphezulu, angenza amangqamuzana elanga amelane nokucindezela okukhulu komoya kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa kwe-diurnal.Ngakho-ke, ingilazi ye-photovoltaic ingenye yezesekeli ezibalulekile zamamojula we-photovoltaic.
Amaseli e-Photovoltaic ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amaseli e-silicon e-crystalline namaseli efilimu amancane.Ingilazi ye-photovoltaic esetshenziselwa amangqamuzana e-silicon e-crystalline ikakhulukazi isebenzisa indlela ye-calendering, futhi ingilazi ye-photovoltaic esetshenziselwa amaseli efilimu amancanyana yamukela ngokuyinhloko indlela yokuntanta.
(2) Ifilimu yokunamathisela evala uphawu (EVA)
Ifilimu yokunamathisela ye-solar cell packaging itholakala phakathi kwe-solar cell module, egoqa ishidi leseli futhi ihlanganiswe nengilazi kanye nepuleti yangemuva.Imisebenzi eyinhloko yefilimu yokunamathisela ye-solar cell packaging ihlanganisa: ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwesakhiwo semishini ye-solar cell line, ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlangana okuphezulu kwe-optical phakathi kweseli nemisebe yelanga, ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba iseli kanye nomugqa, nokuqhuba ukushisa okukhiqizwa iseli, njll. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yefilimu yokupakisha idinga ukuba nesithiyo somoya ophezulu wamanzi, ukukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo, ukumelana nevolumu ephezulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokusebenza kwe-anti PID.
Njengamanje, ifilimu yokunamathisela ye-EVA iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ifilimu enamathelayo yokupakishwa kwamaseli elanga.Kusukela ngo-2018, isabelo sayo semakethe sicishe sibe ngama-90%.Ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yomlando wohlelo lokusebenza, nokusebenza komkhiqizo okulinganiselayo nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.Ifilimu yokunamathisela ye-POE ingenye into esetshenziswa kabanzi yefilimu yokunamathisela ye-photovoltaic.Kusukela ngo-2018, isabelo sayo semakethe singaba ngu-9% 5. Lo mkhiqizo yi-ethylene octene copolymer, engasetshenziselwa ukupakisha ingilazi eyodwa yelanga kanye namamojula wengilazi kabili, ikakhulukazi kumamojula wengilazi kabili.Ifilimu yokunamathisela ye-POE inezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nezinga eliphezulu lokuvimbela umusi wamanzi, ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo, ukumelana nevolumu ephezulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu nokusebenza kwe-anti PID yesikhathi eside.Ukwengeza, ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele okubonakalayo okuphezulu kwalo mkhiqizo kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kokukhanya kwelanga kwemodyuli, kusize ukwandisa amandla emojula, futhi kungaxazulula inkinga yokuchichima kwefilimu enamathelayo emhlophe ngemva kokukhishwa kwemodyuli.
(3) I-chip yebhethri
I-Silicon solar cell iyisisetshenziswa esibulalayo esijwayelekile.Amatheminali amabili ngokulandelana asendaweni yokwamukela ukukhanya nangaphezulu kwe-backlight ye-silicon chip.
Umgomo wokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic: Uma i-photon ikhanya ensimbi, amandla ayo angamuncwa ngokugcwele i-electron ensimbi.Amandla amuncwa i-electron makhulu ngokwanele ukuze anqobe amandla e-Coulomb ngaphakathi kwe-athomu yensimbi futhi enze umsebenzi, abaleke endaweni yensimbi futhi abe i-photoelectron.I-athomu ye-silicon inama-electron amane angaphandle.Uma i-silicon ehlanzekile ifakwe ama-athomu anama-electron amahlanu angaphandle, njengama-athomu e-phosphorus, iba i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N;Uma i-silicon ehlanzekile ifakwe ama-athomu anama-electron amathathu angaphandle, njengama-athomu e-boron, kwakheka i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P.Uma uhlobo luka-P nohlobo luka-N luhlanganisiwe, indawo yokuxhumana izokwakha umehluko ongaba khona futhi ibe iseli lelanga.Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya ekuhlanganeni kwe-PN, okwamanje kugeleza kusuka ohlangothini lohlobo lwe-P kuya ohlangothini lohlobo lwe-N, kwenza umsinga.
Ngokusho kwezinto ezahlukene ezisetshenzisiwe, amaseli elanga angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokuqala yi-crystalline silicon amaseli elanga, kuhlanganise ne-silicon ye-monocrystalline ne-polycrystalline silicon.Ucwaningo lwabo nentuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemakethe kujulile uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwabo kokuguqulwa kwesithombe sikagesi kuphezulu, kuthathe isabelo semakethe esikhulu se-chip yebhethri yamanje;Isigaba sesibili amangqamuzana elanga anefilimu emincane, okuhlanganisa amafilimu asekelwe ku-silicon, izinhlanganisela nezinto eziphilayo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushoda noma ubuthi bezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphansi, ukuzinza okungekuhle kanye nokunye ukushiyeka, azivamile ukusetshenziswa emakethe;Isigaba sesithathu singamaseli amasha elanga, kuhlanganise namaseli elanga elaminethiwe, okwamanje asesigabeni sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa futhi ubuchwepheshe abukavuthwa.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zamaseli elanga yi-polysilicon (engakhiqiza izinduku ze-silicon eyodwa ze-crystal, ingots ye-polysilicon, njll.).Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: ukuhlanza nokuthungula, ukusabalalisa, ukucwiliswa konqenqema, ingilazi ye-silicon ye-dephosphorized, i-PECVD, ukuphrinta isikrini, ukucwilisa, ukuhlola, njll.
Umehluko nobudlelwano phakathi kwekristalu eyodwa kanye nephaneli ye-polycrystalline photovoltaic kunwetshwa lapha
Ikristalu eyodwa kanye ne-polycrystalline izindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe zamandla elanga e-silicon ye-crystalline.Uma i-crystal eyodwa iqhathaniswa netshe eliphelele, i-polycrystalline iyitshe elenziwe ngamatshe aqoshiwe.Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kwekristalu eyodwa kuphakeme kune-polycrystal, kodwa izindleko ze-polycrystal ziphansi kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kwamaseli elanga e-monocrystalline silicon cishe ku-18%, kanti okuphezulu kakhulu kungu-24%.Lokhu ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli elanga, kodwa izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu.Ngenxa yokuthi i-silicon ye-monocrystalline ivamise ukupakishwa ngengilazi epholile kanye ne-resin engangeni manzi, iqinile futhi inempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engama-25.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yamangqamuzana elanga e-polycrystalline silicon ifana neyamaseli elanga e-silicon e-monocrystalline, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kwamaseli elanga e-polycrystalline silicon kudinga ukuncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwawo kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric cishe ku-16%.Mayelana nezindleko zokukhiqiza, ishibhile kunamaseli elanga e-monocrystalline silicon.Izinto zokwakha kulula ukuzisebenzisa, zonga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwekristalu eyodwa ne-polycrystal: i-polycrystal iyikristalu eyodwa enamaphutha.
Ngokukhuphuka kwamabhidi aku-inthanethi ngaphandle koxhaso kanye nokushoda okwandayo kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezifakekayo, isidingo semikhiqizo ephumelelayo emakethe yomhlaba siyakhula.Ukunaka kwabatshalizimali nakho sekushintshile ekugijimeni kwangaphambilini kwaya emthonjeni wangempela, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kokuphehlwa kukagesi kanye nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwephrojekthi ngokwayo, okuyisihluthulelo semali engenayo yesiteshi sikagesi esizayo.Kulesi sigaba, ubuchwepheshe be-polycrystalline busenayo izinzuzo ezindlekweni, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kuphansi.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokukhula okuvilaphayo kobuchwepheshe be-polycrystalline: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zocwaningo nentuthuko zihlala ziphezulu, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokukhiqiza izinqubo ezintsha.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo yezinto zokusebenza ibiza kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, nakuba ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwamakristalu awodwa asebenza kahle kungaphezu kokufinyeleleka kwama-polycrystals namakristalu awodwa ajwayelekile, amanye amakhasimende azwelayo amanani asazokwazi "ukuncintisana" lapho ekhetha.
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-crystal eyodwa obusebenzayo buzuze ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokusebenza nezindleko.Ivolumu yokuthengisa yekristalu eyodwa ithathe indawo ehamba phambili emakethe.
(4) Indiza engemuva
I-backplane yelanga iyimpahla yokupakisha ye-photovoltaic etholakala ngemuva kwemojula yeseli yelanga.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela imojula yeseli yelanga endaweni engaphandle, ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezizungezile njengokukhanya, umswakama nokushisa efilimini yokupakisha, ama-cell chips nezinye izinto, futhi idlala indima yokuvikela ukumelana nesimo sezulu.Njengoba indiza engemuva itholakala engxenyeni engaphandle ngemuva kwe-module ye-PV futhi ixhumana ngokuqondile nemvelo yangaphandle, kufanele ibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukumelana nokuguga kwemvelo, umgoqo womhwamuko wamanzi, ukufakwa kukagesi nokunye. izakhiwo ukuhlangabezana nempilo yenkonzo yeminyaka engama-25 yemojula yeseli yelanga.Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezidingo ezisebenza kahle zokukhiqiza amandla embonini ye-photovoltaic, eminye imikhiqizo ye-backplane ye-solar esebenza kahle futhi inokukhanya okuphezulu okukhanyayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric yamamojula elanga.
Ngokuya ngezigaba zezinto, i-backplane ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ngama-polymers we-organic kanye nezinto ezingaphili.I-backplane yelanga ngokuvamile ibhekisela kuma-polymers ephilayo, kanti izinto ezingaphili ziyingilazi.Ngokusho kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, kukhona ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluyinhlanganisela, uhlobo lokugqoka kanye nohlobo lwe-coextrusion.Njengamanje, indiza engemuva eyinhlanganisela yenza ngaphezu kwama-78% emakethe yezindiza ezingemuva.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezingxenye zengilazi ephindwe kabili, isabelo semakethe sendiza engemuva yengilazi sidlula i-12%, kanti leso sendiza engemuva eboshwe nezinye izindiza ezingemuva kwesakhiwo sicishe sibe ngu-10%.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-solar backplane ikakhulukazi zifaka ifilimu ye-PET base, impahla ye-fluorine kanye ne-adhesive.Ifilimu yesisekelo se-PET ihlinzeka ngokuyinhloko nge-insulation kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, kodwa ukumelana nesimo sezulu kubi kakhulu;Izinto ze-fluorine zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ifilimu ye-fluorine ne-fluorine equkethe i-resin, ehlinzeka nge-insulation, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nempahla yokuvimbela;I-adhesive ikakhulukazi yakhiwe nge-synthetic resin, i-ejenti yokwelapha, izithasiselo ezisebenzayo namanye amakhemikhali.Isetshenziselwa ukubopha ifilimu yesisekelo se-PET nefilimu ye-fluorine kundiza engemuva eyinhlanganisela.Njengamanje, ama-backplanes amamojula weseli yelanga esezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa izinto ze-fluoride ukuvikela ifilimu ye-PET base.Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ifomu nokwakheka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-fluoride zihlukile.Impahla ye-fluorine ihlanganiswe kwifilimu yesisekelo se-PET ngokunamathela ngendlela yefilimu ye-fluorine, okuyi-backplane eyinhlanganisela;Imbozwe ngokuqondile kwifilimu yesisekelo se-PET ngendlela ye-fluorine equkethe i-resin ngenqubo ekhethekile, ebizwa nge-backplane ehlanganisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, indiza engemuva eyinhlanganisela inokusebenza okuphelele okuphakeme ngenxa yobuqotho befilimu yayo ye-fluorine;Indiza engemuva eboshwe inenzuzo yenani ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zendiza engemuva eyinhlanganisela
I-backplane ye-solar ehlanganisiwe ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-backplane yefilimu ye-fluorine enezinhlangothi ezimbili, i-backplane yefilimu ye-fluorine enohlangothi olulodwa, kanye ne-backplane yamahhala ye-fluorine ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine.Ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nesimo sezulu kanye nezinye izici, zilungele izindawo ezihlukene.Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nesimo sezulu emvelweni kulandelwa i-backplane yefilimu ye-fluorine enezinhlangothi ezimbili, i-backplane yefilimu ye-fluorine enohlangothi olulodwa, ne-backplane yamahhala ye-fluorine, futhi amanani azo ngokuvamile ehla ngokushintshana.
Qaphela: (1) Ifilimu ye-PVF (i-monofluorinated resin) ikhishwa ku-PVF copolymer.Le nqubo yokubunjwa iqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lokuhlobisa lwe-PVF luhlangene futhi alunawo amaphutha afana nezikhonkwane kanye nokuqhekeka okuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi se-PVDF (i-difluorinated resin) yokufafaza noma i-roller coating.Ngakho-ke, i-insulation ye-PVF ifilimu yokuhlobisa isendlalelo iphakeme kune-PVDF enamathela.Izinto zokumboza ifilimu ye-PVF zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinemvelo enokugqwala okubi kakhulu;
(2) Enqubweni yokwenziwa kwefilimu ye-PVF, ukuhlelwa okuphumayo kwe-lattice yamangqamuzana eduze kwezikhombisi-ndlela ze-longitudinal nezinqamulayo kuqinisa kakhulu amandla alo angokomzimba, ngakho ifilimu ye-PVF inokuqina okukhulu;
(3) Ifilimu ye-PVF inokumelana nokugqoka okuqinile nempilo ende yesevisi;
(4) Ingaphezulu lefilimu ye-PVF ekhishiwe ibushelelezi futhi ithambile, ayinamithende, ikhasi lewolintshi, imibimbi emincane kanye nezinye iziphambeko ezikhiqizwa phezulu ngesikhathi sokumbozwa kwama-roller noma ukufutha.
Izimo ezisebenzayo
Ngenxa yokumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu, i-backplane ehlanganisiwe yefilimu ye-fluorine enezinhlangothi ezimbili ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima ezifana nokubanda, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya nesihlabathi, imvula, njll., futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kabanzi emathafeni, ogwadule, eGobi nakwezinye izifunda;Ifilimu ye-fluorine eyinhlanganisela yefilimu enohlangothi olulodwa iwumkhiqizo onciphisa izindleko wendiza engemuva eyinhlanganisela yefilimu ye-fluorine enezinhlangothi ezimbili.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-backplane ehlanganisiwe yefilimu ye-fluorine enezinhlangothi ezimbili, ungqimba lwalo lwangaphakathi lunokumelana okumpofu kwe-ultraviolet kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa, okusebenza kakhulu ophahleni nasezindaweni ezinemisebe ye-ultraviolet emaphakathi.
6, i-PV inverter
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic, amandla akhiqizwa ama-photovoltaic arrays angamandla e-DC, kodwa imithwalo eminingi idinga amandla e-AC.Uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi lwe-DC lunomkhawulo omkhulu, olungelona ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage, futhi ububanzi bokufaka isicelo somthwalo bukhawulelwe.Ngaphandle kwemithwalo kagesi ekhethekile, ama-inverter ayadingeka ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC.I-photovoltaic inverter iyinhliziyo yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic.Iguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwe isistimu yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic ibe amandla e-AC adingwa impilo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi yamandla, futhi ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-26-2022